The upper cobound of the last codimension is “ *” rather like an assumed-size array. The ALLOCATABLE or SAVE attribute or be a dummy argument.Ī coarray has a “corank”, which is the number of “codimensions” it has.Įach codimension has a lower “cobound” and an upper cobound, determining the “coshape”. The intrinsic function THIS_IMAGE() returns the image index of the executing image.Ĭoarrays are variables that can be directly accessed by another image they must have The intrinsic function NUM_IMAGES() returns the number of images.Įach image has an “image index” this is a positive integer from 1 to the number of images. The number of images is fixed during execution images cannot be created or destroyed. The number of images at execution time is not determined by the program, but by On SMP machines, using Co-SMP technology.Įach image contains its own variables and input/output units. Release 7.0 of the NAG Fortran Compiler can execute multiple images in parallel Release 6.2 of the NAG Fortran Compiler limited execution to a single image, Special variables called “coarrays” facilitate communication between images. Where multiple copies of a program, called “images”, are executed in parallel. SPMD programming with coarrays 3.1įortran 2008 contains an SPMD (Single Program Multiple Data) programming model, The new features of Fortran 2008 that are supported by the NAG Fortran Compiler Square brackets for example, a feature marked as ‘’ was first The compiler release in which a feature was made available is indicated by
Which are not in Fortran 2003, and which are supported by the latest This document describes those parts of the Fortran 2008 language
#Fortran language syntax series#
Although the FORTRAN I continued to compile data for twenty years, it was soon succeeded by a series of upgrades (FORTRAN II, III, IV, 66, 77, 90, and 95).Fortran 2008 Overview Fortran 2008 Overview Table of Contents
Not until the popularization of the C language in the 1970s would its portability be matched.
#Fortran language syntax code#
FORTRAN used words and syntax and employed a compiler to translate those sentences into assembly language or machine code that the computer could understand.įORTRAN was among a small number of high-level programming languages available in the 1950s and 1960s that could guarantee reasonable compatibility between different computer systems. Unlike early programming languages, which functioned either in machine code or assembly language, FORTRAN was a high-level code and did not require the same level of training, time, and patience, as it was much less prone to bugs. It was not the first compiler, but it was the first to be a commercial success. Released as a commercial product in 1957, Fortran remains an important programming language for scientific and mathematical programs.įORTRAN was a digital code interpreter, designed to approximate human language. FORTRAN stands for “formula translation,” and it was the first high-level programming language that John Backus developed for IBM in 1954.
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